Should you want further reading on language acquisition, these websites are very helpful and explain all the relevant hypotheses and theories:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition http://home.cogeco.ca/~monicafitz/theories.htm http://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/ling001.html
Read the following two articles from the Daily Telegraph and write about whether you think that children’s changing environment is affecting their language for better or worse. Use evidence from your own investigations and research. Teacher and class notes have been added in CAPITALS. Not on Speaking Terms: Why do many children lack basic language […]
Lexical Choice It appears that Ewan becomes a bit worried that he will cause Holy to drop out of their role play game, due to his aggressive tone. He repeats the proper noun ‘Holly’ in order to grab her attention and says the verb ‘playing’ once again using a declarative where he should be using […]
1. What are the Assessment Objectives for this subject? Summarise them briefly, and highlight the AO with the most marks.2. What aspects of the systematic framework do you have to use in this exam? Write out a list and say why they are important. 3. Why is it important to study Child Language Acquisition? 4. […]
Child-directed Speech • “Even four year olds adjust their language when speaking to a two year old. The way that adults talk to babies is similar to the way they talk to dogs. (Hirsh-Pasek and Treiman, 1982) • Child-directed speech aims to: 1. attract and hold the baby’s attention; 2. help the process of breaking […]
1. The transcript has been set in both a domestic and a child’s play context, and the fact that the speakers involved are of a completely different linguistic capability due to age, makes the interactions all the more interesting. Although the playgroup assistant tries to address the children at the same level, using the same […]
• MLU – mean length of utterance – Roger brown 1969 Total number of morphemes Number of utterances Stage 1 – 1.1 – 2.0 Stage 2 – 2.0 – 2.5 Stage 3 – 2.5 – 3.0 Stage 4 – 3.0 – 3.5 Stage 5 – 3.5-4.0 Theories and the ages at which they are applicable: […]
1. What do we mean by the active and passive voices of verbs? Analyse these sentences in this regard. ‘I kicked the boy’. And ‘The boy was kicked by me’. What is the difference in tone and approach?2. What do we mean by the affix, suffix, and prefix of a word? 3. What does ‘amelioration’ […]
ENGLISH LANGUAGE (SPECIFICATION B) ENB6Unit 6 Language Development Thursday 19 June 2008 1.30pm to 3.30pm For this paper you must have: • the data booklet (enclosed) • a 12-page answer book. Time allowed: 2 hours Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer […]
Behaviourism (B.F. Skinner 1950s-60s) Language is learnt by positive reinforcement (offering a reward for ‘good behaviour’) and negative reinforcement (for ‘inappropriate behaviour’) Language is a particular social behaviour that follows this model. Positive reinforcement can be verbal praise or reassurance, and negative reinforcement could simply be correction. Skinner wanted to apply his theory to all […]
Many researchers followed up on what Chomsky speculated upon: children’s knowledge of grammatical rules. However, the idea of impoverishment (parents’ language is insufficient) prompted others to look in more detail at language experience, with an emphasis on social circumstances and the language of adults. Two key factors are important: 1. Social or experiential factors 2. […]
Here is Adam, in the year following his first word combinations at the age of 2 years and 3 months (Pinker, 1994a). The numbers by the transcript indicate his age, so 2;3 means two years, three months and so on. Look carefully at the following changes in his language development, and using the systematic framework […]
English Language A Level Revision Quiz – key theories Explain what these terms mean which Michael Halliday uses for his taxonomy: Instrumental use of language Regulatory Interactional Personal Representational Heuristic Imaginative What were John Dore’s complaints about Halliday’s taxonomy? He replaced them with: Labelling, repeating, answering, requesting action, calling, greeting, protesting, practising Why is very […]
Read the following extract very carefully. This transcript is a conversation between Katherine at 27 months and her mother. Consider the aspects of the baby’s speech: ability to use verbs (tenses, tag questions); functions and conversational (pragmatic) skills; use of inflexions; the MLU, the comparing the score with Brown’s stages (see page 3 of Myszor); […]
Several attempts have been made to catalogue the different functions of language, and to chart child language development in terms of the increasing range of these functions to be found in the growing child’s repertoire. Michael Halliday’s taxonomy is documented below:- Instrumental: Language used to fulfil a need on the part of the speaker. Directly […]
Read the following extract, and using your knowledge of Skinner, Chomsky, Piaget and Bruner, analyse the interaction between child and mother discussing The Snowman by Raymond Briggs. M is mother, K is Katherine, 2 year old.M: So what’s this book about? K: Snowman M: Mmm. What’s the snowman doing? K: ‘S flying. M: Mmm. Who’s […]
Useful websites on Child Language Acquisition http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/acquisition.htm